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Addressability

One of the most important advantages of DNA nanotechnology is its ability to precisely localize organic and inorganic particles at distinct positions. Due to the programmability and well-characterized geometry of DNA nanostructures, we can precisely position molecules at distinct distances by attaching them to nucleotides on the DNA nanostructure. Advanced modeling tools like oxDNA help us ascertain confidence in the relative distance between nucleotides and predict the fluctuations in the relative distances.

Biological materials are often patterned on DNA origami using biotin–avidin interactions1. Biotin-modified oligos are commercially available at affordable prices2. Alternatively, click chemistry can be used for covalent conjugation3. Inorganic particles, like gold, are often attached through thiol groups4. Square lattice origami can achieve a greater density of addressable pixels (3.5 nm) compared to honeycomb lattices (4.3 nm)5. For even more tightly packed addressable pixels, the terminal face of 3D origami can be used (2.5 nm)5.

References

  1. Hellmeier, J. et al. Strategies for the Site-Specific Decoration of DNA Origami Nanostructures with Functionally Intact Proteins. ACS Nano 15, 15057–15068 (2021).
  2. Integrated DNA Technologies | IDT. https://www.idtdna.com/page.
  3. Knappe, G. A., Wamhoff, E.-C., Read, B. J., Irvine, D. J. & Bathe, M. In Situ Covalent Functionalization of DNA Origami Virus-like Particles. ACS Nano 15, 14316–14322 (2021).
  4. Chen, K., Li, X. & Yang, J. Precise Control of Gold Nanoparticles on DNA Origami for Logic Operation. Journal of Nanomaterials 2019, 4890326 (2019).
  5. Kilwing, L. et al. Multilayer DNA Origami with Terminal Interfaces That Are Flat and Wide-Area. ACS Nano 18, 885–893 (2024).
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